Key result
Family-involved and digital hypertension self-management interventions in LMICs evolve separately without combined strategies.
Why the study?
Hypertension is common and poorly controlled among older adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Family-involved and telenursing-supported self-management have each been studied, but their evidence had not been mapped together for older adults in LMICs.
What family-involved and telenursing or digital self-management interventions have been tested for older adults with hypertension in low- and middle-income countries, and have these approaches been combined?
Systematic Review
What family-involved and telenursing or digital self-management interventions have been tested for older adults with hypertension in low- and middle-income countries, and have these approaches been combined?
This rapid scoping review demonstrates that family-involved and digital/telenursing self-management interventions for older adults with hypertension in LMICs have been studied in isolation with short follow-up, highlighting an urgent need for integrated trials.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
No studies combined family and telenursing interventions; leaves open whether integration improves hypertension self-management in LMIC older adults.
Background: Hypertension is common and poorly controlled among older adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where families provide much of the daily care and digital health services are expanding. Family-involved and telenursing-supported self-management have each been studied, but their evidence has not been mapped together for older adults in LMICs. Purpose: To map family-involved and telenursing or digital self-management interventions for older adults with hypertension in LMICs, including intervention components, outcomes, populations, and evidence gaps. Methods: We conducted a rapid scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute approach and reported according to PRISMA-ScR. Consensus, a semantic search engine for academic literature, was searched with four queries on 30 October 2026 and supplemented by web searches. One reviewer screened 38 unique records on title and abstract. Study characteristics, intervention components, and outcomes were charted from abstracts and available source pages. Results: Ten studies published between 2015 and 2026 were included: seven family-involved interventions and three telenursing or digital interventions, conducted in Indonesia, Iran, Thailand, and Jordan. Four studies were randomized and six were quasi-experimental. Blood pressure was the most frequent outcome (eight studies), followed by self-management or self-care (five) and quality of life (three). No study combined family involvement with a telenursing or digital component. Caregiver-level outcomes were not reported in the retrieved abstracts, and follow-up did not exceed three months where it was reported. Conclusions: The evidence is small, limited to short follow-up, and methodologically uneven. Family-involved and digital approaches have developed in parallel. Trials that integrate family roles with telenursing, measure caregiver and implementation outcomes, and follow participants for longer are needed, and a full multi-database review should confirm these findings.
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Sulkifli Nurdin (2026) conducted a systematic review in Hypertension in older adults. Family-involved and telenursing/digital self-management interventions vs. Usual/standard care or comparison interventions was evaluated on Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, or mean arterial pressure), self-management/self-care, and quality of life. Family-involved (7 studies) and telenursing/digital (3 studies) self-management interventions for older adults with hypertension in LMICs developed in parallel, with 0 studies combining both.
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