Validitas Dan Kepraktisan E-LKPD Berbasis Model Problem Based Learning Pada Materi Fluida Statis Untuk Memfasilitasi Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Fisika Sma/Ma

Students' critical thinking in physics remains low, and conventional worksheets rarely provide interactive, structured problem-solving activities. This study aimed to develop a Problem Based Learning (PBL)-based electronic student worksheet (E-LKPD) on static fluids that is valid and practical for facilitating the critical thinking skills of senior high school students. This research and development study used the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop); the Disseminate stage was not carried out. An initial test based on five Ennis indicators was given to 20 students. Three validators assessed the product (82 items, six aspects), and practicality was examined in a limited trial with one physics teacher and 20 students. Validity and practicality were analyzed using Aiken's V. Initial critical thinking averaged 46.59% (Very Low), with indicator scores of 45.00%–48.00%. The E-LKPD was very valid (overall V = 0.909; aspect range 0.895–0.919). Practicality was very high according to the teacher (V = 0.982) and the students (V = 0.814), although the students' ratings of the Implementation and Benefit indicators were in the moderate category (V = 0.792 and V = 0.800). The E-LKPD links each PBL syntax to Ennis's critical thinking indicators and reports validity and practicality evidence from experts, a teacher, and students. The findings support validity and practicality only; effectiveness in improving critical thinking has not been tested and requires a pretest–posttest study.