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This independent follow-up to Sheng (2026c) examines the necessity of dark-matter halos using five observational comparisons, including new analyses of galaxy and cluster weak-lensing reconstructions. The same visible-matter relation and acceleration constant, calibrated on 102 SPARC galaxies and frozen before the reported tests, are retained without readjustment. The 47 held-out disk galaxies give a median outer velocity residual of 11.6% (visible-matter Newtonian baseline: 50.3%); 16 rotating early-type galaxies give 9.3% (37.1%). For the 22 overlapping weak-lensing circular-speed summaries of isolated KiDS galaxies extending to approximately 1 Mpc, the median difference is 3.7%, versus 11.1% for the separately frozen RAR deep-field normalization. The diagonal-error diagnostic D is 0.81 versus 8.2; it is not a covariance-aware χ² goodness-of-fit test. The 12 X-COP clusters yield a median 12.7% hydrostatic-acceleration residual at 421 evaluated radii (Newtonian baseline: 86.4%; RAR: 49.2%). For the 50 CCCP clusters, the median predicted-to-2013 weak-lensing mass ratio is 0.77 and the median absolute fractional difference is 22.9%, while the observers’ X-ray hydrostatic comparison gives 0.85 and 27.1%; the two distributions have different signed biases. The constant’s theoretical form, one-time calibration, cross-observable scale checks and falsifiability are specified explicitly. The reported galaxy-lensing comparison tests agreement with published lensing reconstructions, not a derived light-deflection law. Without per-object halos or refitting the constant, the relation provides a quantitative alternative for the evaluated dynamics. These tests do not establish the absence of every possible dark-matter component in the universe.
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Hailing Sheng (2026) studied this question.
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