Challenges of Implementing Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education – A Brief Literature Review

The world economy is in the era of the fourth industrial revolution and digital transformation, which has and will continue to affect all spheres of human life. The invention of artificial intelligence (AI) is the result of the above-mentioned process, and it is important to know how to use it correctly. On the one hand, if employers require employees to use various artificial intelligence programs, there is heated discussion in educational institutions about students' improper use of these tools, which leads to a decrease in critical and analytical thinking among young people. It is worth noting that world-renowned universities are seeking to adopt internal regulations on the use of artificial intelligence independently; however, it is important to strike a balance that ensures the training of highly qualified, analytical, and critical-thinking students while equipping them with the technological skills necessary for employment. Research on this topic at various universities worldwide shows that the use of artificial intelligence is effective in some courses, such as English-as-a-foreign-language instruction. However, in preparing a master's or doctoral thesis, which must be original research based on conclusions formulated by the student, the intensive use of AI will not have the desired effect. It is noteworthy that Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University has developed an AI Strategy 2026-2029, within the framework of which the results of the survey of teachers and employers conducted coincide with the conclusions of similar studies conducted abroad.