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A sourced history of exact timekeeping and counting knowledge, civilization by civilization: Egypt, Sumer/Babylon, Mesoamerica, China, India, Greece, the Islamic world, the Hebrew calendar, Celtic Gaul, the Andes, Japan and Korea, and the Roman–Gregorian counter-seat. Whole-day and whole-month integer cycles as the sources state them; every claim graded ESTABLISHED, CLAIMED, or NOT FOUND; disagreements printed unmerged with claimants named; fourteen failed or unverified claims carried at full size; a closing table of the closed integer cycles each civilization actually used. Counts stand as exact integers or ratios wherever the sources give them; decimal figures appear only as labelled exhibits in a source's own dress. Author's field: forensic detection of representation error — exact accounting across physics, computation, and energy; student of nature and its guardian polymath detective; Detective Polymath of the Joseph Bell Method.
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Hans Lee Simmons (2026) studied this question.
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