Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
The Square killed the one-scale class on disk galaxies. This paper runs the same identity on SPARC's second system class — 16 early-type galaxies, 32 published RAR pairs, a sample the Square never touched. The kill widens: Lock 0 fails all nine forms (the sample's two reductions disagree on the scale itself, ratios 0.513–0.666), Lock 2 fails all nine (corrected slopes 1.81–2.24, z = −2.82…−4.01; 0 of 36 splits replicate). And the anatomy repeats in a harsher key: frozen-line means +0.079…+0.097 dex, inside ±0.10 for every form — the normalization pays on the second sky too; the slope refuses at ≈2 instead of 4.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
William Alexander Aldred (2026) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: