Mantis shrimp target training for coexistence in a multi-species habitat

Mantis shrimp are remarkable animals known for their colouration and physiological abilities. However, they are difficult to keep in a multi-species setting and are thus often housed in single-individual habitats. Here, we present a behavioural training plan and procedure for target training a mantis shrimp, with the goal of conditioning it to consistently take and rely on food from aquarists. We reasoned this would help prevent it from exhibiting aggressive behaviour in a multi-species setting. We present data demonstrating that mantis shrimp can learn to target and feed within three months. The individual in this case study coexisted in a multi-species tank without harming any other animals from the time its training began until its death in late January 2024, an outcome which we believe was supported by target training, though other factors also likely contributed. Our experience and training plan may be useful for other aquariums interested in training their own mantis shrimp. We also suggest it can also inspire productive conversations with visitors about animal biology, marine biodiversity, and conservation.