Anterior Knee Displacement During the Squat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Knee, Hip and Trunk Biomechanics

This systematic review examines how unrestricted or increased anterior knee displacement, compared with restricted anterior knee displacement, affects knee joint loading and hip, trunk and lumbar spine biomechanics during bilateral squatting. The review includes experimental and observational studies and synthesizes findings narratively, supplemented by exploratory meta-analyses where appropriate. This registration is retrospective. Literature searching, study selection, data extraction and the analyses reported in the current manuscript were completed before registration, and the manuscript was at an advanced stage of preparation. This record documents the methods used and does not constitute a prospective preregistration.