Identification of Potential Biomarkers in IgA Nephropathy and Membranous Nephropathy through miRNA-mRNA bioinformatics analysis

Objective: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy and membranous nephropathy are glomerulus disease. The current study was planned to understand the molecular mechanism of immunoglobulin A nephropathy and membranous nephropathy with discovery of key micro ribonucleic acids and their targeted hub genes. Methods: The microarray dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database and examined through R package Gene Expression Omnibus 2R. Subsequently, the data was analysed to detect the differential expressed genes. The hub genes were detected using bioinformatics analysis techniques, such as protein-protein interaction network analysis, module analysis and micro ribonucleic acid-messenger ribonucleic acid network construction. The study relied entirely on publicly available datasets conducted in 2021 at COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus. Results: A total of 949 differential expressed genes were recognised. All of them were upregulated genes. Afterward, 6 overlapped genes (Fos proto-oncogene AP-1 transcription factor subunit, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3, Forkhead Box O3, Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1, Heat Shock Protein Family A [Hsp70] Member 5 and Tumour Protein p53) were intersected from cytoHubba plugin, designated as hub genes. One novel micro ribonucleic acid, has-miR-495-3p, was identified as biomarker for diagnosis and therapy of immunoglobulin A nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. Conclusion: The short, non-coding has-miR-495-3p was found to be proficient in refining personalised diagnosis and treatments for immunoglobulin A nephropathy and membranous nephropathy patients. In vivo and in vitro analyses of micro ribonucleic acids and network interactions may help further explore the processes underlying the disease.