Increase in Reimbursement Does Not Necessarily Place a Financial Burden on Patients ― Background Behind the Reimbursement Revision for Remote Monitoring of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Japan ―

Takashi Ashihara

doi:10.1253/circj.cj-26-0929

November 2, 2026Circulation JournalOpen Access

Increase in Reimbursement Does Not Necessarily Place a Financial Burden on Patients ― Background Behind the Reimbursement Revision for Remote Monitoring of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Japan ―

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Structured PICO

P

Population

Patients in Japan with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs, including pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators [ICDs], and cardiac resynchronization therapy [CRT] devices)

I

Intervention

2018 reimbursement revision increasing the fee for remote monitoring of CIEDs from JPY600/month to JPY3,200/session (1 in-person visit + 11 remote monitoring sessions per year)

C

Comparator

Pre-2018 reimbursement for CIED remote monitoring (JPY600/month) or conventional in-person follow-up only (2 visits/year for pacemakers, 3 visits/year for ICD/CRT)

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Implication

Increasing reimbursement for CIED remote monitoring in Japan alleviated the financial and human burden on hospitals and promoted pacemaker remote monitoring adoption without increasing patients' net out-of-pocket costs due to reduced in-person visits.

Abstract

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Cite This Study

Takashi Ashihara (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ae9d3df422f9cdec5f560ab https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.cj-26-0929

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Increase in Reimbursement Does Not Necessarily Place a Financial Burden on Patients ― Background Behind the Reimbursement Revision for Remote Monitoring of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Japan ―

Structured PICO

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Increase in Reimbursement Does Not Necessarily Place a Financial Burden on Patients ― Background Behind the Reimbursement Revision for Remote Monitoring of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Japan ―

Structured PICO

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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