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This article provides a comprehensive review of photon-counting lidar systems. With the rapid advancement of photon-counting detectors and their supporting technologies, these systems—characterized by their sensitivity to individual photons—have emerged as a promising solution for next-generation active remote sensing. Photon-counting lidar systems facilitate high-resolution, large-scale 3D Earth observation with extremely low energy consumption, making them a crucial technical foundation for future remote sensing applications.
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Wu et al. (2026) studied this question.
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