Review of the main treatment methods and tactics for patients with local recurrence of kidney cancer. Which path to choose?

Treatment of patients with recurrent kidney cancer presents a significant surgical and therapeutic challenge, as nearly half of these patients may experience synchronous metastases, significantly worsening overall prognosis of the disease and results of repeat treatment. Currently, there is no generally accepted standard treatment strategy for patients with recurrent kidney cancer providing the best therapeutic effect. Several treatment approaches exist, including surgical excision of the recurrent nodule, thermal ablation, radiation therapy, systemic drug therapy, and observation. However, the optimal treatment sequence for patients with local recurrence of kidney cancer remains debated. The article presents various treatment methods for this group of patients, depending on the nature and extent of primary treatment, location and nature of the recurrent nodule and involvement of neighboring tissues and organs. This review also presents the results of comparative studies on the choice of surgical approach during reoperation.