The antitoxic impact of ( Brachyponera sennaarensis ) Samsum ant venom on CCl 4 -induced thymic damage using histomorphometry analysis.

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) is a widely used industrial chemical known for its hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects, as well as its detrimental impact on the thymus lymphoid organs, a key organ in the immune system. This study looks into how Samsum ant venom (SAV) might be able to help heal thymic damage caused by CCl 4 . Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. The first group served as a negative control, while the remaining groups were administered CCl 4 and treated with SAV in varying doses (Group III 50 µg, Group IV 100 µg, and Group V 450 µg) for 21 days. Histopathological examinations were conducted to assess thymic architecture and cellularity. CCl 4 exposure resulted in severe thymic atrophy, characterized by lymphocyte hyperplasia, cyst formation, and necrosis. Treatment with SAV, especially at the highest dose of 450 µg, greatly improved the number of cells and structural integrity of the thymus. It also showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Although we noted histological improvements, we did not find statistically significant variations among the treated groups. The findings suggest that SAV has a beneficial effect on thymic health following CCl 4 exposure, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating chemical-induced thymic damage. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms behind SAV’s protective effects and its application in clinical settings.