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Smart home automation connects household devices with controllers, sensors and communication modules. • Home automation is growing with the Internet of Things (IoT), microcontrollers and affordable sensors. • Arduino Uno can read inputs and control electrical loads through a relay driver. • This project demonstrates a low-cost way to switch lights, fans and other suitable appliances. • The system can be expanded with Wi-Fi, mobile apps and energy monitoring. • Key point: Project focus: convenient control, improved energy use and safer operation when correctly designed.
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Nanajkar et al. (2026) studied this question.
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