Design and Development of a Smart Home System Using Arduino Uno: An Applied Study on Security, Energy Efficiency, and Automation

The concept of the smart home represents a growing trend in the fields of electrical and computer engineering, aiming to create residential environments that are more comfortable, secure, and energy-efficient through advanced control and automation systems. This paper presents the design and development of a smart home system utilizing the Arduino Uno platform, chosen for its affordability, ease of programming, and scalability. The system integrates various sensors—including a Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensor, MQ-2 smoke and gas sensor, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), and Infrared (IR) sensor with remote control—to establish a comprehensive framework that enhances safety, energy efficiency, and user comfort. The system was programmed to manage household appliances such as lighting and electrical devices based on timed operations and real-time environmental responses. Experimental testing demonstrated effective sensor responsiveness, with energy consumption reduced by over 20% compared to conventional usage, while maintaining a high level of user safety. The findings suggest that employing Arduino Uno in smart home applications offers a practical and efficient solution, with potential for future integration into Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and smartphone connectivity—opening new horizons for more advanced and widespread smart home implementations.