Nanotechnology-Integrated Diagnostic Platforms toward Decentralized Infectious Disease Management

Nanotechnology-integrated diagnostic platforms are increasingly being developed across infectious disease management, from screening and diagnosis to potentially treatment-guiding assessment and monitoring. Yet current progress has rarely been synthesized from a clinical management perspective, making it difficult to determine which technologies are ready for decentralized use, where progress remains fragmented, and which clinical needs remain unmet. This review examines nanotechnology-enabled strategies according to how they enable the sample-to-answer workflow, rather than classifying them by material type. Major diagnostic platform architectures are then assessed in terms of practical implementation, with emphasis on platform-specific limitations and emerging solutions. Current applications are further mapped across the infectious disease management continuum to identify established capabilities, missing links, and disconnects from clinical workflows. The broader changes needed to close these gaps are also discussed. This review aims to clarify how nanotechnology-integrated diagnostic platforms can be better developed toward decentralized, reliable, and clinically actionable infectious disease management.