Linalool and linalyl acetate aromatherapy for labor pain management: A narrative review of evidence for integration into midwifery practice.

Labor pain is a complex physiological and emotional experience, leading many women to seek nonpharmacological relief alongside standard analgesia. Linalool and linalyl acetate-major monoterpenes in lavender and clary sage-exhibit sedative, anxiolytic, antinociceptive, and smooth-muscle relaxant properties. This narrative review evaluates their pharmacological mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and integration into midwifery practice. Literature searches across six major databases identified 12 core studies. Evidence demonstrates modest but consistent reductions in pain intensity and maternal anxiety during the first stage of labor, with excellent safety profiles. Key mechanisms include GABAA modulation, TRPA1 and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel inhibition, endogenous opioid release, and myometrial relaxation. Linalool- and linalyl acetate-rich aromatherapy offers a safe, feasible adjunct to intrapartum care. Midwives should implement standardized protocols for inhalation and topical massage to enhance maternal comfort.