Evolving Public Awareness of Radiation in Post-Disaster Japan: A Nationwide Comparison of Fukushima and Non-Fukushima Regions

This nationwide study assessed public awareness related to radiation knowledge, interest in reconstruction, health risk perception, and information sources following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. A web-based survey administered from 27 to 29 May 2024 yielded responses from 5257 adults aged 18 years or older. The findings revealed a divergent pattern in radiation-related risk perception and information-seeking behavior compared with previous studies. Compared with residents outside Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima residents demonstrated higher levels of radiation knowledge, stronger interest in reconstruction, and more active information-seeking about radiation health effects. While distinct from previous findings, they perceived lower radiation health risks than those living in other regions. Further, although local news sources such as newspapers and television have traditionally played a central role in Fukushima Prefecture, the use of social media and digital/online media, which are also important sources of information on radiation and health risks, has become increasingly widespread. These findings emphasize the need for region-specific risk management and health policies, as well as the creation of meaningful platforms for public engagement. They also highlight the importance of periodically re-evaluating such policies and communication strategies in response to ongoing recovery processes and evolving societal contexts.