Oral Health and Non-Communicable Disease Factors Among Older Adults: A Community-Based Survey in Thailand

Background Disparities in oral health among older adults contribute to poor health outcomes, limited social engagement, and reduced quality of life. Older adults commonly experience tooth loss, much of which is preventable. Therefore, this study aimed to assess oral health status and identify factors associated with oral health problems among older adults. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in four provinces across Thailand. A total of 2,320 respondents aged 60 years and older were included. Oral health problems were assessed using the 12-item General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results Approximately 48% of older adults had poor-to-moderate oral health. This finding showed that unemployment (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.83), coverage under the national health scheme (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 2.94–5.03), hypertension (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.14–1.96), and chronic kidney disease (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.60–6.32) were significantly associated with oral health problems. In contrast, diabetes, CHC, comorbidity, Conclusion Older adults in Thailand face oral health problems, particularly those with hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Health providers should consider prioritizing dental screening and appropriate treatment for these high-risk groups.