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A patient safety culture is critical to providing high-quality healthcare. The purpose of this study was to assess nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture at Ibri Hospital in Oman, as well as to identify key factors influencing their perceptions. The study also evaluated the efficacy of patient safety management practices, with an emphasis on improving safety outcomes and cultivating a culture of non-punitive error reporting. A cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), a validated tool for assessing PSC in healthcare settings. A stratified random sample of 100 registered nurses across various departments at Ibri Hospital participated in the study. The findings revealed a generally positive perception of patient safety culture, with high scores for teamwork within units (M = 4.10) and communication practices (M = 4.22). However, areas for improvement were identified, particularly in terms of workload management (M = 3.03) and the promotion of a non-punitive reporting culture (M = 3.61). The questionnaire’s overall reliability was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.975), indicating that the tool was internally consistent.