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The visible light positioning (VLP) based on received signal strength (RSS) positioning relies on the physical channel model. In practice, manufacturing and installation misalignments cause angular deviations between the optical axes of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodiodes (PDs), leading to elevation offsets that violate the Lambertian assumption and degrade positioning accuracy. To address this issue, we propose an angle offset correction method for the LED emission angle and the PD incidence angle, enabling compensation for the channel gain distortion caused by angular misalignment. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed correction method can effectively eliminate the influence of angle offsets. When both the LED and the PD exhibit an elevation offset of 4°C in the azimuth direction of 270°C, the proposed system reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) of positioning from 32.48 cm to 0.98 cm compared with an uncorrected VLP system.
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Chen et al. (2025) studied this question.
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