Consensus-based technical recommendations for clinical translation of renal Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI

Background Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI has the potential to be a useful tool for non-invasively assessing renal haemodynamics and function, however insufficient standardisation and difficulties in post-processing remain barriers to clinical translation. Purpose To develop expert consensus-based technical recommendations for performing renal DCE-MRI in humans, relating to aspects of patient preparation, MRI hardware and acquisition parameters, and data analysis. Study Type Systematic consensus process using an approximation to the two-step modified Delphi method. Population Not applicable. Field Strength / Sequence 1.5 T and 3 T / Renal gradient echo-based 3D DCE-MRI. Assessment An international panel of experts were recruited and surveyed following a modified Delphi method to create consensus-based technical recommendations. Key areas for consensus were initially identified through a mixture of online and in-person discussions, and an initial survey round consisting of open- and close-ended questions. Consensus statements were formulated and iteratively refined to create the final recommendations. Statistical Tests Consensus was defined as ≥ 75% agreement in response (excluding abstentions), and clear preference was defined as [60-74]% agreement among the experts. Statements with ≥40% abstentions were either excluded from subsequent survey rounds or recirculated as a modified statement. Results 22 experts initially participated in the Delphi panel, of which 16 responded to the first survey. 15 panellists responded to all subsequent surveys. Out of 46 statements, 37 reached consensus and one showed clear preference. ≥40% abstention was found in seven statements which were excluded from the final set of recommendations. Data conclusion These recommendations provide a starting point for MRI centres worldwide wishing to perform renal DCE-MRI, contributing to the harmonisation of DCE-MRI scan protocols and facilitating clinical translation. These recommendations provide a practical minimum technical dataset for renal DCE-MRI acquisition and analysis to improve cross-site comparability and support responsible clinical translation.