Key result
Past negative time perspective is linked to greater fear of progression in chronic heart failure.
Why the study?
The level of fear of disease progression (FoP) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and whether individual dimensions of time perspective are associated with FoP needed to be described and examined.
Cross-Sectional (n=254)
No
In hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure, a past negative time perspective is independently associated with higher fear of disease progression, along with younger age, living alone, shorter disease duration, and lower LVEF.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Past negative time perspective was associated with higher fear of progression in chronic heart failure; hypothesis-generating for interventions, requiring prospective validation.
Purpose: To describe the level of fear of disease progression (FoP) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and to examine whether individual dimensions of time perspective are associated with FoP. Patients and Methods: In this single-center cross-sectional study, we surveyed a convenience sample of 254 patients treated in the cardiovascular department of a tertiary hospital in Nantong between December 2025 and August 2026. Time perspective was measured with the Chinese version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and FoP with the simplified Chinese version of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), whose internal consistency in this sample was low (Cronbach’s α = 0.675). Associations were examined with multiple linear regression (n = 237 complete cases) and sensitivity analyses; Holm and Benjamini–Hochberg adjustments were applied across the five time perspective coefficients. Results: The mean FoP-Q-SF total score was 32.54 (SD 4.77), and 130 patients (51.18%) scored 34 or higher; this threshold was derived in cancer populations and has not been validated in heart failure. A higher past negative time perspective score was associated with higher FoP (β = 0.184, P = 0.002; Holm-adjusted P = 0.008; model R 2 = 0.496), and the association was retained in all sensitivity analyses. The present fatalistic association (β = 0.128, P = 0.029) did not remain significant after multiplicity adjustment in the primary model (Holm-adjusted P = 0.116), and its adjusted significance varied with the covariate set; it is regarded as exploratory. Conclusion: In this single-center sample, a past negative time perspective was independently associated with greater FoP, and a present fatalistic perspective showed a weaker, exploratory association. Because of the cross-sectional design, the limited reliability of the FoP-Q-SF in this sample, and the absence of a validated cut-off in heart failure, these findings require confirmation in longitudinal studies with validated measures before any implications for intervention can be drawn.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Ding et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Chronic Heart Failure (n=254). Past negative time perspective (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory) was evaluated on Fear of disease progression (FoP-Q-SF total score) (B 0.217 (β = 0.184), 95% CI 0.084 to 0.350, p=0.002 (Holm-adjusted P = 0.008)). Past negative time perspective was independently associated with higher fear of disease progression in chronic heart failure patients (β = 0.184, P = 0.002; Holm-adjusted P = 0.008).
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: