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Given the greater scope for action that online learning creates in the workplace, the study examines employees who participated in non-formal continuing vocational education and investigates whether learner-initiated participation is associated with the online rather than offline delivery of a selected continuing vocational education activity. In addition, the study explores whether the mode of delivery of the selected activity varies with sociodemographic characteristics and employment-related factors. The findings indicate that learner-initiated continuing vocational education activities had a higher predicted probability of online delivery and that the mode of delivery is associated with selected sociodemographic and employment-related characteristics.
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Rosenkranz et al. (2026) studied this question.
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