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High accuracy alone does not establish that language-model assistance improves clinical safety. Drawing on 31 selected publications, this critical Perspective outlines an error-pathway ledger connecting incorrect outputs to display, confirmed viewing, clinician recognition, final decisions, and potential harm. It specifies distinct descriptive indicators and a randomized comparison for evaluating unsafe decisions. The framework provides an operational research design for prospective validation against established clinical evaluation approaches.
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Jose Andres Viñán Carrasco (2026) studied this question.
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