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External control over click chemistry offers opportunities for the spatiotemporal regulation of bioorthogonal ligation and cleavage, but the limited tissue penetration of light constrains photoactivated approaches. Herein, we introduce a new mechanistic approach to ultrasound-controlled click chemistry based on the direct sonochemical oxidation of dihydrotetrazine (DHTz) precursors. The precursors require no additional cleavable masking group, and low-intensity therapeutic ultrasound activates their oxidation through sonochemically generated hydroxyl radicals without the need for added sensitizers. A pyridinyl-substituted precursor, DHTz2, exhibits limited background oxidation and efficient sonochemical activation, while the resulting tetrazine product shows good stability under ultrasound exposure. The ultrasound-activated tetrazine readily undergoes ligation reactions with TCOs, including a TCO-DOX conjugate in which a bioorthogonal click-to-release cascade releases free DOX and restores its cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Importantly, ultrasound applied through a chicken breast tissue barrier remains effective in triggering bioorthogonal click-to-release and activating the prodrug. This work establishes a new mechanistic approach that couples the fundamental sonochemistry of acoustic cavitation with the selective activation of click chemistry and bioorthogonal cleavage, providing a new platform for the remote, non-optical control of bioorthogonal ligation and cargo release using tissue-penetrating biomedical ultrasound.
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Fu et al. (2026) studied this question.
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