Advances in direct CVD growth of twisted two-dimensional materials

Twisted two-dimensional (2D) materials, formed by stacking two monolayers with specific angles, exhibit a series of strongly correlated quantum phenomena, such as unconventional superconductivity, Wigner crystal and Mott-like insulating behavior owing to the electron flat band structure. This provides a new and controllable research platform for studying novel coupled electronic states by constructing artificial moiré superlattices. Utilizing moiré superlattices to modulate the band structure and introduce electron correlation facilitates the understanding of strongly correlated phenomena. Large-scale fabrication of twisted 2D materials is the essential prerequisite for the application of these unique properties. Direct growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising approach for scalable fabrication of twisted 2D materials. However, it remains in its nascent stage as there are still challenges in achieving large size and precise twist angle in the CVD growth. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in CVD growth of twisted 2D materials. We offer a comprehensive overview of growth mechanism, modulation of growth conditions, technical advantages and limitations of the CVD synthetic strategy. This review further investigates the prospects for the development of twisted multilayer 2D materials, as well as the new changes brought about by artificial intelligence in this field. This work will offer novel perspectives and inspiration for advanced research on twisted 2D materials, especially in the field of the fundamental research and device applications.