Dual-relationship modelling concept for integrated supply chain management: Development and application in the automotive industry

The study introduces a novel dual-relationship modelling concept for integrated supply chain management, addressing the complex interactions among lean, green, and resilient practices in the automotive industry. The integration of these practices is increasingly recognised as essential for achieving long-term competitiveness and sustainability, yet it requires a structured understanding of both synergistic and conflicting relationships within supply chain systems. To capture this dual nature, the research develops and applies an enhanced methodological framework based on Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis, incorporating dual-relationship matrices that simultaneously reflect complementary and conflicting relationships between key logistics and supply chain practices. The developed model enables the identification of leverage practices, including cross-functional teams, information and knowledge sharing, supplier collaboration and partnerships, green monitoring, green ICT system, crisis response teams, enhanced supplier communication, and supplier support and assistance, that drive coordinated transformation, while also revealing practices that may create systemic tensions if not properly managed. The proposed concept offers a decision-support framework for managers in the automotive industry and establishes a transferable methodological foundation applicable to other sectors facing the challenge of sustainable supply chain integration.