Comparative study of risk factors and lipid profile pattern in ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke

Stroke is a devastating and disabling cerebrovascular disease with significant amount of residual deficit leading on economic loss. Creating awareness on common risk factors will reduce the incidence of stroke. This study was conducted to compare the risk factors and lipid profile pattern in ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes. This was a descriptive retrospective cross sectional study carried on new onset acute stroke patients admitted in the of Osmania General Hospital, Telangana state. 100 patients (n=50 ischemic stroke (isch), n=50 haemorrhagic stroke (haem) were studied over a period of one year from May 2014 to April 2015. Data such as risk factors hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, fasting lipid profile, CT or MRI brain were collected from medical records. A total of 100 patients were studied of whom 68 were males (isch n=32, haem n=36) and 32 were females (isch n=18, haem n=14). Patients with age <40 years were n=10; age between 41-59 years n=53 and age >60years n=37. Risk factors which were included were hypertension n= 62 (isch n=29, haem n=33); diabetes n=22 (isch n=12, haem n=10); both diabetics and hypertensive n=15; smoking n=41(isch n=24, haem n=17); alcoholism n= 38 (isch n=22, haem n=16); and > 2 risk factors in n=46 (isch n=26, haem n=20). Dyslipidemia (LDL >130, TC>200, HDL<40) as per ATP III guidelines was present in n = 69 (43 isch, 26 haem) patients. In our study, patients with high LDL was found in n= 15 (9 isch and 6 haem), high total cholesterol was found in n= 15 (10 isch, 5 haem), low HDL cholesterol in n=60 (isch n=35, haem n=25) with a p=0.0124. Present study concludes hypertension in 62 %, low HDL(< 40 mg/dl) in 60 %, smoking in 41% are the risk factors for both in ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes which are modifiable risk factors. Low HDL cholesterol is more significant with a p=0.0124 which can be improved by exercise. [J Med Allied Sci 2016; 6(1): 8-13]