Comparative Metabolomics Studies Related to Lipid Biosynthesis Indicate Metabolic Pathways Regulation Differences in Mature and Young Seeds (MYS) of Jatropha curcas

Jatropha curcas is an alternative bioenergy source that can be developed as a solution to the global energy crisis.This plant represents a promising new alternative energy source.This study aims to conduct a comparative study of the characteristics of metabolites in mature (MS) and young (YS) seeds in Jatropha plants through metabolomic studies.Six samples of Jatropha curcas seeds (accessions) were used, grown by the cutting method using a completely randomized block design (CRBD) using three replications, and the seed harvesting process was carried out according to the type of development (MS and YS).Seed extraction was tested using the GC-MS method.A total of 25 different metabolites, 19 which of metabolites were highly expressed in mature seeds of Jatropha curcas.In contrast, there were only 6 metabolites that were highly expressed in young seeds.In general, the four metabolites that have the highest correlation (strong positive intercorrelation) are the intercorrelation of the metabolites Eicosadienoic acid, Tetracosahexane, Sitosterol, and Aminoethanethiol.Based on the PLS-DA study, the metabolites showed that three MS accessions grouped and were separated from three YS accessions with a total PC value of 91.1%.24 compounds had the highest impact value on the galactose metabolism pathway.The detected metabolic pathways included the pentose phosphate pathway, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and amino sugar or nucleotide metabolism.Other relatively significant metabolite pathways that could distinguish between the two types of MS and YS seeds were sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis and steroid biosynthesis.Thus, mature and young seeds showed differences in the expression of metabolite content and these differences globally occurred in the galactose metabolism, triterpenoid, and steroid biosynthesis pathways.This research is expected to contribute to the study of the selection of the best seeds for lipid synthesis as a raw material for biofuel in Jatropha curcas.