Stretchable Wireless Sensing-Computing Biointerfaces Enabled by High-Voltage Megahertz Electrochemical Transistors

Combining stretchability with wireless operation is highly desirable for minimizing mechanical mismatch and reducing the electronic footprint and power burden at dynamic biological interfaces. Yet existing stretchable wireless patches based on passive radio frequency (RF) circuits can sense only physical stimuli that directly alter the resonant circuit, such as pressure, strain, and temperature, leaving no accessible electrical input for electrophysiological or chemical signals and little capacity for local computing function. Here, we realize an active RF circuit architecture using electrochemical transistors that enables both electrode-based sensing, particularly of electrophysiological and biochemical signals, and reservoir edge computing for data compression. This advance addresses the voltage and frequency incompatibility between electrochemical transistors and RF circuits by establishing a previously unexplored operating regime that suppresses ionic responses and, consequently, electrochemical degradation within the channel. Using this architecture, we demonstrate fully implanted cardiac electrogram recording, wound-attached chemical sensing, and wireless reservoir computing for tactile-pattern recognition. Overall, this design substantially expands the capabilities of stretchable wireless platforms to encompass nearly all major sensing modalities together with edge computing.