Study on Chlorogenic Acid Inhibition of Biofilm Formation in Periprosthetic Joint Infection Based on OD₄₉₂ Value

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Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Chlorogenic acid (CGA) on the biofilm formation in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) using OD₄₉₂ values, and to analyze the differences in the inhibitory effects of CGA at different concentrations on pathogenic bacterial biofilms during PJI. Methods Five of the most common PJI-causing bacteria were selected. The experimental included a non-intervention control group, a 50 µg/mL CGA group, and a 200 µg/mL CGA group, with 21 samples in each group. The bacteria were cultured at 37°C in monoclonal TSB broth. Glass slides were placed in the cultures and incubated at 37°C with constant shaking for 48 hours to form biofilms, establishing in vitro model of PJI. CGA was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted to different concentrations (50, 200 µg/mL) in TSB. The OD₄₉₂ values of the bacterial suspension samples were measured using a microplate reader. Results The non-intervention control group showed an OD₄₉₂ value of 0.461 ± 0.02 (21 samples), the 50 µg/mL CGA group had an OD₄₉₂ value of 0.351 ± 0.04 (21 samples), and the 200 µg/mL CGA group had an OD₄₉₂ value of 0.322 ± 0.03 (21 samples). One-way analysis of variance showed P < 0.001, and independent sample t-tests between the 50 µg/mL CGA group and the 200 µg/mL CGA group showed a P-value of 0.019 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Both 50 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL concentrations of CGA can inhibit biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria in PJI. In the PJI process, 200 µg/mL CGA has a stronger inhibitory effect on bacterial biofilm formation than 50 µg/mL CGA.