Graphene-integrated Zr-AlN-TiC metasurface polarization-insensitive ultra-broadband solar absorber for renewable mining applications

We investigated the multilayered (three–layer) structure of the solar absorber for the broadband contribution at 2800 nm using graphene. Zirconium, Aluminum nitride, and Titanium carbide are used for resonator–substrate–ground layer development, and the resonance shape comprises Six Triangles and One Diamond, forming a Solar Absorber named the STODSA design for the current work. Various air regions are mentioned as UV–MIR, with 88.62%, 95.01%, 94.39%, and 93.91%, respectively, and the total broadband (2800 nm) absorption is 93.93%. It is polarization–insensitive with 0–80–degree analysis, and the field intensities (E and H fields) can also be configured as a broadband absorber type in the developed STODSA design. The lithography section, the resonance development, and the graphene effect comparison are presented in the developed STODSA design. The developed STODSA design can be applied in direct thermal conversion applicable in Solar Dryer Mining Applications.