The Paradox of the Fifth Principle of Pancasila: Analyzing the Impact of Poverty and the Gini Coefficient on Corruption Trends in Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the impact of poverty levels and the Gini coefficient on the number of corruption cases in Indonesia during the period of 2004–2026 and to examine its relationship with social justice based on the perspective of the fifth principle of Pancasila. The research method used is quantitative with a causal-comparative design and time series data. Analysis is conducted using multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Squares method, beginning with classical assumption testing, followed by simultaneous testing, partial testing, and determination of the coefficient of determination. The research results show that poverty levels and the Gini coefficient significantly influence the number of corruption cases simultaneously, explaining 56.71 percent of the variation. Separately, poverty levels have a negative and significant effect on the number of corruption cases, while the Gini coefficient does not show a significant effect. These findings indicate that changes in socio-economic conditions cannot be simply understood as determinants of changes in the number of cases Corruption. The relationship between poverty, income distribution, and corruption may also be influenced by institutional conditions, as well as the capacity for detection and law enforcement, which are not included in the research model. The findings indicate that the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and corruption is complex in the context of social justice in Indonesia.