Growth Factor Expression Related Angiogenesis–Osteoblastogenesis Modulation by Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome and Propolis Nanoemulsion in a Hyperglycemia Rat Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Osteolysis

Growth factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) play an important role in coupling angiogenesis–osteoblastogenesis during bone remodeling in osteolysis, especially under hyperglycemia conditions. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell secretome (HUCMSCS) combined with nanoemulsion propolis (NEP) derived from Tetragonula biroi on growth factors related to angiogenesis–osteoblastogenesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced osteolysis in hyperglycemia Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). A total of 28 healthy male Wistar rats (R. norvegicus; 1–2 months old, 250–300 g) were randomly divided into seven groups: K1: normal control; K2: LPS (100 µL); K3: hyperglycemia only (> 230 mg/dL); K4: LPS + hyperglycemia; K5: LPS + hyperglycemia + NEP (100 μL); K6: LPS + hyperglycemia + HUCMSCS (100 μL); and K7: LPS + hyperglycemia + HUCMSCS + NEP (100 μL). Serum TGF-β and IGF-1 levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while FGF-2, VEGF, and PDGF expressions were assessed immunohistochemically. Data were analyzed statistically, with significance established at p < 0.05. The combination of HUCMSCS and NEP significantly increased serum TGF-β and IGF-1 levels compared with the untreated LPS-induced osteolysis hyperglycemia group (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated increased angiogenic marker expressions, namely FGF-2, VEGF, PDGF, were significantly increased. HUCMSCS and NEP combination administration modulated growth factors related to angiogenesis–osteoblastogenesis (TGF-β, IGF-1, VEGF, FGF-2, and PDGF) in LPS-induced osteolysis in Wistar rats (R. novergicus) under hyperglycemia conditions.