A Review on: Nanotechnology in the Treatment of Cancer

Cancer contributes major global health challenge, causing substantial mortality and negatively affecting patients’ quality of life. Despite advances in cancer management, conventional treatments may damage healthy tissues, produce adverse effects and initiation ofdrugresistance. Thesechallengeshighlight a role related to improving early cancer detection and developing treatment approaches that gives active compound additional targetedtowards cancer cells. Nanomedicineshowssignificantfocus in this field because it offers opportunities to improve cancer diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapeutic performance. Various nanomaterials, including liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, and carbon tubular nanostructure, have beenanalyzed fortheirpotentialapplicationsincancermanagement.basedregardingtheirconstituentsas well as design, these systems may protect therapeutic agents from degradation, modify drug-release patterns, and improve drug accumulation at tumor sites.Nanotechnology is also being explored as a strategy to address drug resistance through approaches such as inhibiting drug efflux, combining different therapeutic agents, modifying the tumor microenvironment, and delivering genetic materials that regulate resistance-associated genes.Thisreviewdiscussesthemajornanomaterialsinvestigatedincancerdiagnosisand treatment, their therapeutic applications, and their potential contributions to improving treatmentoutcomes.Italsohighlightsimportantchallengesrelatedtosafety,effectiveness, large-scale production, and clinical translation that must be addressedbefore the broader application of nanotechnology in cancer care.