Assessment of the Impact of Municipal Slaughterhouse Effluents on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Kpandi Stream Water in Sokodé, Togo

Untreated slaughterhouse effluents constitute a major source of aquatic pollution and may pose risks to the health of nearby populations.In Sokodé, effluents from the municipal slaughterhouse are directly discharged into the Kpandi Stream, whose waters are used for various activities.This study aimed to assess the impact of these discharges on the physicochemical and microbiological quality of Kpandi Stream water.The methodology involved collecting samples of raw slaughterhouse effluents as well as water samples from upstream and downstream of the discharge point, followed by physicochemical and microbiological analyses.The results revealed a high pollutant load in the effluents, with a conductivity of 3010 µS/cm, a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 2580 mg/L, and a biochemical oxygen demand over five days (BOD₅) of 2041.5 mg/L.Downstream, COD and BOD₅ concentrations reached 1880 and 1333 mg/L, respectively, while phosphate (7.7 mg/L) and nitrite (1.12 mg/L) concentrations indicated nutrient enrichment of the aquatic environment.High microbiological contamination was also observed, with thermotolerant coliforms increasing from 12 to 20,000 CFU/mL between upstream and downstream sites.These findings reveal a major deterioration in the water quality of the Kpandi Stream Assessment of the …Gmabi NANDJILA et al.