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Digital twins are virtual representations of physical assets that are connected to them by data. This review summarises two widely cited papers on the state of the art of digital twins in industry and on their enabling technologies and research challenges, and relates them to cyber-physical system architectures for manufacturing. The aim is to give a compact overview of how the concept is defined and which obstacles the authors of these sources identify. This is a narrative review; it contains no new data.
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Sapaýew et al. (2026) studied this question.
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