Organo-particles synthesized from sesame oil and castor oil, and anticancer activity in pancreas cancer cells

This study aimed to synthesize sesame oil (SO)- and castor oil (CO)-derived organo-particles to preserve the biological activity of these natural oils while enhancing their cellular uptake and to comprehensively evaluate their physicochemical and biological properties. The novelty of this study lies in the one-step synthesis of sesame oil- and castor oil-based organo-particles followed by the integrated evaluation of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, hemocompatibility, and anticancer activities. p(SO) and p(CO) organo-particles were synthesized by one-step free-radical addition polymerization and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Their antioxidant, antimicrobial, hemolytic, and blood-clotting properties were also investigated. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of the synthesized organo-particles were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using L-929 fibroblasts and Capan-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines. The synthesized organo-particles exhibited particle sizes ranging from 300–1000 nm for p(CO) and 400–673 nm for p(SO). p(CO) completely inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, whereas both organo-particles demonstrated good hemocompatibility. In the MTT assay, p(CO) reduced the viability of Capan-1 pancreatic cancer cells to 60.32 ± 3.36%, while p(SO) did not exhibit cytotoxic activity (105.25 ± 1.39%). In contrast, both organo-particles maintained high viability in L-929 fibroblast cells, indicating favorable biocompatibility. These findings demonstrate that p(CO) organo-particles possess promising anticancer potential against pancreatic cancer cells while exhibiting acceptable biocompatibility, supporting their further investigation for biomedical applications.