A Conceptual Blockchain Architecture for Ecological–Financial Risk Management in Blue Carbon Markets

Blue carbon finance is constrained by unreliable ecological data, information asymmetry, and high compliance demands. This study develops an ecological–financial governance interface within a conceptual six-layer blockchain architecture for blue carbon finance. The design combines versioned on-chain and off-chain records with a multi-party signature approval workflow and five contract modules. It is intended to support traceable hand-offs among ecological monitoring, methodology-governed accounting, MRV, credit-state management, and financial risk review. The contribution is a defined sequence from versioned ecological evidence to accounting review, credit-state records and authorised financial decisions. A synthetic worked example makes these decision rules explicit while retaining independent MRV and registry authority.