Cultural Factors Influencing the Acceptance of Edible Insects as Alternative Proteins for Sustainable Food Security in Laikipia, Kenya

This mixed-methods study explored cultural factors affecting edible insect acceptance as sustainable proteins in Laikipia County, Kenya. Rising global protein demand, livestock emissions, and food insecurity in arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL s) necessitate alternative proteins. Entomophagy offers nutritional benefits, yet acceptance is hindered by neophobia and behavioral determinants. The aim was to identify cultural beliefs and taboos influencing insect consumption, examine socio-demographic determinants, and explore culturally sensitive promotion strategies. Using a convergent parallel design, we surveyed 400 adults, conducted 30 interviews, and held 8 focus group discussions. Results showed high awareness (92.5%) but low consumption (28%). Neophobia correlated with acceptance ( r =–0.75); regression predicted acceptance via exposure ( β =0.42) and beliefs ( β =0.35; R ²=0.57). Qualitative themes revealed enablers (historical use) versus barriers (disgust, taboos). Discussion extended the Theory of Planned Behavior, highlighted insect farming for climate resilience. Scaling insects supports SDG 2-aligned food security