Marine Biological Pigments: Their Bio-Transfer, Bio-Transform, and Bioaccumulation; How Could We Benefit?

Marine biological pigments show an increasing interest in their properties and their applications. Upon their entry to their consumers’ corpora through different routes and based on their nature as exo-chemical structures, many types resist the degradation process. They have escaped through different mechanisms from the digestive system or from the different existing enzymes’ activities. Even they come from nature and are supposed to be less durable, but because to their consumption in excess amount, they are forcing bioaccumulations. Their stable structures could also be subject to some changes and elaborate new pigment structures. Their amounts, chemical structures, where they are finally located, their interaction with other micro and macromolecules, their ability to be modified; all plus other factors collectively enrich the ecosystem with amazing-coloured creatures. In their new environment (creatures corpora) they could transform and change their structures. Meanwhile, because of their consumption in excess amounts, they could escape any changes and started to be collected as they are. Being coloured chemical structures enable a visual judge of how much and where they are collected. They form bio-complexes with their producers and consumers’ micro/macromolecules (like proteins), a phenomenon that elaborates diverse colours. While they are not one chemical structure, but many could exist at once, they brewed the images colour details, giving each ecosystem its figure print. In one ecosystem even diverse species from different kingdoms could collaborate to build a homogenous general compatible colour by pigment vertically transferring within the marine web. This review maps a respective number of linked diverse trophic levels aiming to answer one question, which is ‘Could humans build a directed or semi-directed de novo food chain to produce a targeted MBP(s)?’ Could humans produce MBPs in excess and in a controlled environment? Plus, it extensively highlights the different ecosystems’ importance, where each could enable installing a unique MBPs production model. MBPs production, accumulation, transformation, the responsible creatures, food bio-cycle, trophic levels, ecosystems, selected pigment types. Other issues include aiming to understand how chemical structures transferred and transformed from creatures to another one? It is recommended to use this review as a handy reference for understanding MBPs bioconversions.