Assessing quality of life in Mahmudia Commune (Danube Delta): a socio-territorial analysis based on local population perceptions

Deltaic regions represent complex socio-ecological systems where biodiversity conservation objectives must be balanced with the need to improve the living conditions of local communities. Despite the protected status of the Danube Delta since the establishment of the Biosphere Reserve, human activities and socio-economic transformations have significantly influenced both ecosystem functioning and local livelihoods. However, assessments of quality of life in relation to sustainable development and local community perspectives remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the quality of life perceived by the local population of Mahmudia commune, located within the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, and to identify the main socio-economic vulnerabilities and development opportunities. The research combines objective socio-economic indicators with subjective assessments obtained through a questionnaire survey applied to 90 residents in 2023. The evaluation considered multiple dimensions of quality of life, including financial conditions, housing, household goods, basic needs, social integration, community environment, local governance and development priorities. The results highlight a complex situation characterized by significant demographic decline, limited employment opportunities, especially for young people, and concerns regarding future socio-economic development. At the same time, the community benefits from important social resources, including strong interpersonal relationships, community cohesion and a positive perception of local safety. The findings indicate that improving quality of life in Mahmudia requires integrated development strategies that address economic and social vulnerabilities while maintaining compatibility with the conservation objectives of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. The study contributes to a better understanding of quality of life in protected rural areas by emphasizing the importance of incorporating local perceptions into sustainable development policies and decision-making processes.