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The constraint-first theorem proves the D3 tadpole is the only exact duality-invariant of the IIB flux, so the invariant ring is C[N] and no exact polynomial invariant selector can single out a vacuum. This paper measures how the surviving observables move under the duality that fixes them: on 100 primitive supersymmetric flux vacua, the transformation law of W and g_s under SL(2,Z). Every law carries a named falsifier; code and data are public.
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Rob Mitchell (2026) studied this question.
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