Formulation and Evaluation of Mango Leaf Extract Loaded Phytosomes for Enhanced Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity

The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate Mango leaf extract loaded phytosomes for improving the bioavailability and therapeutic potential of its bioactive constituents. Mango leaf extract, rich in mangiferin, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, possesses significant antioxidant and antidiabetic properties; however, its clinical application is limited by poor absorption and low bioavailability. To address these challenges, phytosomes were developed using phosphatidylcholine through the solvent evaporation technique.The prepared formulations were characterized for physicochemical properties including particle size, entrapment efficiency, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), in-vitro drug release, and stability studies. FTIR analysis confirmed the compatibility of the extract with formulation components and the successful formation of the phytosomal complex. SEM studies revealed the formation of discrete spherical vesicles with smooth surface morphology. The formulated phytosomes exhibited particle sizes in the nanometric range, with the optimized formulation (F4) showing a particle size of 244 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 85.26%.In-vitro release studies demonstrated a sustained drug release pattern, with the optimized formulation releasing 98.88% of the entrapped extract over a period of 8 hours. Stability studies performed under accelerated and room-temperature storage conditions indicated that the optimized formulation maintained its physicochemical characteristics and drug release behavior throughout the study period. The enhanced entrapment efficiency, nanoscale particle size, and controlled release profile suggest improved delivery of the phytoconstituents present in Mango leaf extract.