Organoids as Building Blocks for Adaptive and Resilient Biohybrid Robots

Biohybrid robots combine engineered living tissues with synthetic materials and have emerged as a promising class of soft robotic systems capable of mimicking biological functions such as biodegradability, energy efficiency and flexible motions. By integrating biological and synthetic components, these systems leverage complementary properties to perform key robotic functions including locomotion and task execution. Despite rapid progress, important limitations remain, many of which arise from the biological components themselves, including limited longevity, adaptive behavior and challenges in control. In this review, we propose organoids as advanced biological building blocks for biohybrid robotics and examine their potential based on recent advances in organoid engineering, maturation and functional development. We summarize recent advances in organoid engineering relevant to robotic integration and discuss strategies for interfacing organoids with electronic and control systems. We also discuss key technical and conceptual challenges, including signal interfacing, long‐term viability, reproducibility and how these aspects of organoid research can benefit biohybrid systems. By integrating advances in stem cell biology, materials science and robotics, this review article examines how organoids could extend beyond their established roles as in vitro models and potentially contribute to a new generation of adaptive, resilient and biologically integrated machines.