ZmTIP3‑1 Is Required for Seed Aging Tolerance via Modulation of Hydrogen Peroxide Homoeostasis in Maize

Summary statement This study reveals that the aquaporin ZmTIP3‐1 contributes to maize seed storage tolerance by likely facilitating H 2 O 2 membrane permeability and maintaining H 2 O 2 homoeostasis during aging. Its expression is regulated by ZmbZIP46 and ZmMYB9 , while its activity is modulated via hetero‐tetramerization with other ZmTIPs and interaction with the antioxidant enzyme ZmCAT1. Together, these findings uncover a coordinated H 2 O 2 ‑control module that links H 2 O 2 permeability to enzymatic scavenging, providing a mechanistic basis and a valuable breeding target for improving seed longevity and reducing post‐harvest losses in maize.