Beyond Equivalence: Cognitive Self-Regulation in Translation as an Adaptive Decision-Making Process

Translation has been historically viewed as a process involving the transfer of language or the resolution of problems. Recent advancements in cognitive translation studies have significantly enhanced our comprehension of the cognitive processes engaged by translators; nevertheless, the intricate mechanisms by which translators constantly monitor, adjust, and refine their decisions remain inadequately theorized. This article presents the Adaptive Cognitive Regulation Model (ACRM), an innovative theoretical framework that defines translation as a self-regulated cognitive process characterized by ongoing cycles of anticipation, problem identification, strategic inhibition, adaptive decision-making, and metacognitive validation. Grounded in cognitive psychology, metacognitive theory, and decision-making research, the model posits that translation transcends the mere application of linguistic knowledge; rather, it constitutes an adaptive cognitive system that responds to fluctuating textual, contextual, and communicative demands. By synthesizing insights from cognitive science with modern Translation Studies, the proposed framework not only broadens the scope of existing process-oriented methodologies but also offers a thorough explanation of translators' strategic behaviors. The article concludes by examining the implications of this model for translator education, cognitive process research, and forthcoming empirical studies utilizing think-aloud protocols. Ultimately, this research introduces a novel theoretical lens that situates adaptive cognitive regulation as a pivotal element in elucidating translation expertise and professional decision-making.