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We propose a cosmological framework in which angular momentum is ontologically primary: spacetime, gravitation, expansion, and the cosmological constant are statistical emergents of angular-momentum conservation among physical entities, rather than fundamental ingredients. The framework replaces the Friedmann expansion factor with an entity-to-entity angular-momentum coupling relation and attributes cosmological redshift to a mismatch of angular-momentum eigenstates between emitter and receiver. Its luminosity-distance relation is mathematically equivalent to a negatively curved FRW solution, so type-Ia supernova data cannot discriminate it from CDM (Pantheon+: ). The decisive observational handle is therefore parity-odd CMB polarization: a primordial angular-momentum vorticity generates non-zero cross-power spectra with the characteristic discriminant. Detection of both spectra above would discriminate the framework from CDM, primordial gravitational waves, and axion-like mechanisms.
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Junbiao Hou (2026) studied this question.
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