Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Green Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises: Lessons From India for Advancing the Green Economy in Afghanistan

Artificial intelligence is a transformative enabler of sustainable business practices, offering substantial opportunities to enhance the environmental and operational performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises.Despite growing global interest in artificial intelligence-driven sustainability, limited attention has been directed toward its application in resource-constrained and conflict-affected economies.This study aims to examine the role of artificial intelligence in facilitating sustainable practices among green micro, small, and medium enterprises and to evaluate the applicability of successful artificial intelligence adoption experiences from India to Afghanistan.A qualitative research design based on a structured literature review was employed, and relevant secondary data were systematically collected from peer-reviewed publications indexed in Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.The reviewed evidence demonstrates that artificial intelligence can significantly improve resource efficiency, energy management, waste reduction, supply chain optimization, environmental monitoring, green marketing, and eco-innovation.The Indian experience indicates that successful artificial intelligence adoption has been facilitated by supportive policy frameworks, expanding digital infrastructure, and continuous capacity development for micro, small, and medium enterprises.In contrast, artificial intelligence adoption in Afghanistan is constrained by inadequate digital infrastructure, limited technological readiness, and insufficient financial resources.Nevertheless, the findings suggest that these barriers can be progressively mitigated through context-specific implementation strategies.It is therefore concluded that artificial intelligence can serve as a practical catalyst for accelerating sustainable micro, small, and medium enterprise transformation and promoting green economic development in Afghanistan when integrated with coordinated investments in digital infrastructure, technical capacity development, supportive policy frameworks, and financial support mechanisms.By synthesizing existing knowledge and translating successful practices from India into the Afghan context, this study contributes to the growing literature on artificial intelligence-driven sustainable entrepreneurship and provides evidence-based policy recommendations for fostering environmentally sustainable and economically resilient micro, small, and medium enterprises in developing economies.